History

Japan's colonial history in Indonesia

          During the Japanese occupation of Indonesia began in 1942 and ended on August 17, 1945 along with the proclamation of Indonesian independence by Ir. Sukarno and M. Hatta on behalf of the Indonesian nation.

Ir. Soekarno

Moh. Hatta

           May 1940, the beginning of World War II, the Netherlands was occupied by Nazi Germany. Dutch East Indies declared a state of siege and in July redirected exports for Japan to the United States and Britain. Negotiations with the Japanese aimed to secure supplies of fuel the aircraft failed in June 1941, and the Japanese started their conquest of Southeast Asia in December of that year. In the same month, factions from Sumatra recipient of Japanese aid to bring about a revolution against the government of the Netherlands. The last Dutch troops defeated Japan in March 1942.

          In July 1942, Sukarno accepted Japan's offer to hold a public campaign and form a government that can provide answers to the needs of the Japanese military. Sukarno, Mohammad Hatta, and the Kyai decorated by the Emperor of Japan in 1943. However, the experience of the Japanese occupation of Indonesia varied considerably, depending on where a person lives and the social status of the person. For those who live in areas that are considered important in warfare, they suffered torments, involved sex slavery, arbitrary arrest and execution, and other war crimes. The Dutch and mixed Dutch-Indonesian is a target in the control of Japan. Japan established the independence of the preparation BPUPKI (Investigation Agency Efforts Preparation of Indonesian Independence) or 独立 准备 调查 会 (Dokuritsu Junbi Chosa-kai?) In Japanese. The agency role in the preparations for the pre-independence and make the state and replaced by PPKI that job preparing for independence.

Background

          In October 1941, General Hideki Tojo replace Fumimaro Konoe as prime minister of Japan. In fact, until the end of 1940, Japan's military leaders do not want a fight several countries at once, but since mid-1941 they saw, that the United States, Britain and the Netherlands to face at once, if they want to control the natural resources in Southeast Asia. Especially after the U.S. launched an oil embargo, which they desperately need, both for the industry in Japan, as well as for the war.

           Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto, Commander of the Japanese Navy, developed a very brave war strategy, ie putting all the power its fleet for two major operations. The whole potential of the Japanese Navy aircraft carrier covers 6 (aircraft carrier), 10 battleships, 18 heavy cruisers, 20 light cruisers, 4 ships transporting supplies, 112 destroyers, 65 submarines and combat aircraft 2274. The first force, which is 6 aircraft carriers, 2 battleships, 11 destroyers and over 1,400 combat aircraft, dated December 7, 1941, will suddenly attacked the United States Pacific Fleet base at Pearl Harbor in the Hawaiian Islands. While the strength of these two, the rest of the Navy forces at their disposal, to support the Army in the Southern Operations, the attack on the Philippines and Malaya / Singapore, which will continue to Java. Forces that were deployed to Southeast Asia is 11 Infantry Division, supported by tanks and seven regiments 795 aircraft. The whole operation will be completed within 150 days. Admiral Nagumo Chuichi assigned to lead a fleet to attack Pearl Harbor.

Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto

          Sunday morning on December 7, 1941, 360 planes composed of torpedo bombers carriers and a number of aircraft deployed in two waves. The bombing of Pearl Harbor was successfully sank two large warships and damaged six other warships. Besides Japanese proficiency level bombing also destroyed 180 U.S. aircraft. More than 2330 U.S. soldiers were killed and more than 1140 injured. But three American aircraft carriers survived, because at that time were not in Pearl Harbor. Dated December 8, 1941, the U.S. Congress declared war on Japan.

         The Pacific War was a major effect on the independence movement in the countries of East Asia, including Indonesia. The purpose Hndia Japan invaded and occupied the Netherlands is to control natural resources, especially oil, in order to support Japan's war potential and support the industry. Java was designed as a supply center for all military operations in Southeast Asia and Sumatra as a major oil source.

The organization was initiated by Japanese:

• Pembela Tanah Air (Peta)
• Gakukotai (laskar pelajar)
• Heiho (barisan cadangan prajurit)
• Seinendan (barisan pemuda)
• Fujinkai (barisan wanita)
• Putera (Pusat Tenaga Rakyat)
• Jawa Hokokai
• Keibodan (barisan pembantu polisi)
• Jibakutai (pasukan berani mati)
• Kempetai (barisan polisi rahasia)